In the present work CuMoO₄ and P/CuMoO₄ nanoparticles were synthesized by simple precipitation method. The synthesized molybdate nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). XRD results show that the average crystalline size of CuMoO₄ and P/CuMoO₄ nanoparticles were found to be 62.9 nm and 59.7 nm respectively. SEM results showed that CuMoO₄ nanoparticles composed of sphere like structure and P/CuMoO₄ with agglomeration. Four absorption bands at 721, 828, 898 and 967 cm^-1 were observed in FT-IR spectrum. The sharp adsorption peak at 270-350 nm was observed in UV–vis DRS technique. The antimicrobial activities of synthesized nanoparticles were observed against various pathogens.